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2. Sleep Habits and Their Relationship to Academic Performance

Ultimately, 29,518 documents were retained for bibliometric analysis in the inclusion step. In the eligibility step, 616 documents that were not relevant to purpose of the study were removed. The identification encompassed articles and reviews published in journals. The selected period from 1960 to 2024 was justified since 1960 marks the starting point of the Scopus database in search. The methods outlined in PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews & Meta-Analyses) were employed to identify data sources. Additionally, dissertations, reports, editorials, and magazine articles were omitted due to their lack of peer review.

The review of reviews only located single reviews of evidence on acceptance and commitment training interventions and setting-based interventions such as developing curricula to support wellbeing . Conley et al. conducted a meta-analysis of evidence (rated as moderate methodological quality) on the impacts of indicated prevention programmes for various forms of early-identified mental health problems such as sub-threshold depression and anxiety symptoms. In interventions targeting both depression and anxiety, they found that technology-based CBT was effective in reducing anxiety and depression, although to a lesser degree than traditional therapy with human contact.

• Cognitive resilience, including higher working memory, may mask poor sleep quality and mental health among university students.
• Research has shown that those who engage in acts of kindness and community involvement experience improved mood, reduced feelings of loneliness, and lower levels of anxiety and depression.
• Furthermore, environmental determinants, including socioeconomic status, living conditions, education, and access to healthcare, are powerful influences on mental health.
• Such studies trace the pathways and associations, often starting from broader social and economic circumstances, which through their impact on mental health generate physical illness (Fadlon & Nielsen, 2019; Hoang et al., 2019; Margolis, 2013; Saxena et al., 2005; Averina et al., 2005; Lasser et al., 2000; Spiegel & Giese-Davis, 2003; De Groot et al., 2001).
• Sleep disturbances also impair the body’s ability to recover and regulate neurotransmitters, further deepening the cycle of poor mental health.

Biomedical disciplines are grounded in the medical paradigm focused on disease and (ab)normality and often emphasize dichotomous conceptions of mental health/illness (Scheid and Brown, 2010). In this context, the field has progressively evolved through the accumulation of knowledge generated in a diverse range of disciplines in the biomedical, behavioral, and social sciences. Conceptualizations of mental health/illness are largely dependent on the theoretical and paradigmatic foundations of the disciplines from which they emerge.

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Wellness is a broad concept that endorses a holistic view of health, wherein physical mental, and emotional well-being are equally important. The higher needs insecurity among marginalized groups is discussed in more detail in the “Who is most at risk? The authors report that 36% of students reported experiencing food and housing insecurity in the past month, and 9% were homeless in the past year.

Gallagher, in his National Survey of College Counselling Centers, reports that 94% of American college counselling centre directors agree that there is a continuously increasing number of students with severe psychological problems36. The authors chose to do a cross-temporal analysis to avoid the issue of response bias which results from people with depression not living Research on mental health and social support as long as the average population. Twengeet al.33 performed a cross-temporal meta-analysis of self-reported student mental health between 1938 and 2007. The study found that this deterioration in self-reported mental health coincides with an increase in student loan use and a decrease in financial independence due to decreasing job opportunities. There is growing evidence suggesting that the prevalence and/or severity of university mental health issues has been increasing over the past half-century. This review will discuss some of the literature relevant to a variety of student mental health issues and some of the proposed solutions therein.